![]() In this sense, LASA released this statement to call on the Venezuelan government to ensure the full right to academic freedom, fair remuneration and social benefits so that the academic community can carry out its most important tasks: researching, transmitting and sharing knowledge. As these protests persist, the government’s refusal to improve working conditions is accompanied by threats, arrests of demonstrators by the security forces, trials, bans on participation in protests, intimidation and the use of para-state violence. For this reason, since January 2023, weekly mass protests throughout the country have been held involving teachers, professors of all levels and public administration workers. Today, a typical salary for a university professor does not cover the cost of food. In Venezuela, the salary of university professors has decreased by 95% since 2001. The statement urged that in order to guarantee the right to freedom of expression and academic freedom, it is essential to ensure the labor rights of university professors so that they can have decent salaries and living conditions. There are two types of freedom of association: the right to expressive association and the right to intimate association. In the circumstances of the NAACP case, compelled disclosure of the petitioner’s membership lists was likely to constitute an effective restraint on its members. The lack of adequate remuneration affects academic freedom and the right to education of university students, compromising the scientific and social development of the country. Freedom to engage in association for the advancement of beliefs and ideas is an inseparable aspect of the liberty ensured by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In the first case, the Court unanimously set aside a contempt citation imposed after the organization refused to comply. Freedom of association, therefore, is both a collective right and an individual right. ![]() On February 22, several Executive Council members of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), including WOLA’s Senior Fellow David Smilde, released a statement expressing their concern about the serious situation of professors in Venezuelan public universities, whose ability to carry out their academic work adequately is being seriously undermined by the deterioration of their salaries and working conditions. Freedom of association as a concept thus grew out of a series of cases in the 1950s and 1960s in which certain states were attempting to curb the activities of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. ![]()
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